解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The duration of action of melatonin may be important for improvements in sleep efficiency in insomniacs. Ramelteon, a selective melatonin agonist, is primarily metabolized to the active metabolite M-II, which has a longer half-life and greater systemic exposure than ramelteon. Hence, M-II may contribute significantly ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000362459
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy, safety, and clinical benefit of prolonged-release trazodone (Trittico) in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS:In this study, 363 Chinese patients with MDD were randomized 1:1 to receive either prolonged-release trazodone (150-450 mg) or placebo treatment for...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000368559
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Angiogenesis is usually driven by inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-3 and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are implicated in vascular remodeling. TIMP-2 exhibits antiangiogenic properties. Statins show benefits that are additional to lipid lowering including pro- ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000360860
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic properties and to be protective in animal models of OA. This study was aimed t...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000369074
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:The neurotransmitters participating in the nerve-mediated contraction of the guinea pig seminal vesicle (GPSV) have not been firmly established. There is debate as to the mediating role of norepinephrine and acetylcholine. METHODS:We have used longitudinally and circularly oriented strips of GPSV and a...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000351847
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) plays a pivotal role in the mechanism by which aging contributes to osteoarthritis (OA). In the present study, we examined the effect of curcumin, a pharmacologically safe phytochemical agent, on AGE-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and matrix metallopr...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000345345
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Recent studies have reported that intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) mobilization is involved in homocysteine (Hcy)-induced endothelial dysfunction and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) is responsible for an increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that inhibition of t...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000356318
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on immune responses in murine colitis. METHODS:Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were injected intraperitoneally with hUC-MSCs or human bone marrow-deri...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000354883
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the effects of sodium alginate (AL-Na) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. DSS was added to the drinking water for 7 days. In another experiment, DSS was added to the drinking water for 5 days and DSS-free water was provided thereafter. ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000353192
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Poncirus fructus (PF), also known as the dried immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf., has long been used as a cure for the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders in eastern Asia. Recently, it was reported that naringin, a flavonoid constituent of the PF extract, causes the acti...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000354579
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythropoietin (EPO) has been used for the management of renal anemia. Recent studies suggest the pleiotropic properties of EPO in various tissues such as brain, kidney and vasculature. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk for development of vascular impairment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothe...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000343963
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIM:Perception of risk of adverse drug events (ADEs) is different between health and nonhealth professionals, but these differences have not been investigated sufficiently in the general population. Women are more affected by ADEs. With the aim to investigate ADE risk perception in a sample of nonhealth prof...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000346737
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Stepwise propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) can achieve a less disturbed condition of hemodynamics and respiration. Its combination with dexmedetomidine may have some advantages for patients. We studied the effects of different loading doses of dexmedetomidine on the bispectral index (BIS)...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000343634
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rutin on potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia and renal dysfunction in mice. METHODS:Rutin was administered orally 1 h after oxonate at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg·kg(-1). Serum uric acid levels and kidney function parameters were assayed. Mouse uro...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000351703
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanylate monophosphate pathway in pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice. Male Swiss mice (26-32 g) were used as the in vivo model. The following pharmacological tools were utilized: the non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibit...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000346268
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Macitentan is a novel dual endothelin receptor antagonist with sustained receptor binding in clinical development for pulmonary arterial hypertension. The present study compared the pharmacokinetics and safety of macitentan in healthy Caucasian and Japanese subjects and explored the potential sex differ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000351704
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The marijuana plant Cannabis sp. and its derivatives and analogues, known as cannabinoids (CBs), induce many effects throughout the whole body. Herein we briefly review the gastrointestinal (GI) pharmacology of CBs, with special focus on motor function. Some drugs are available to treat nausea and emesis, and evidence...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000339072
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Vaginismus is characterized by recurrent or persistent involuntary contraction of the perineal muscles surrounding the outer third of the vagina when penile, finger, tampon, or speculum penetration is attempted. Recent results have suggested the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of vaginismus. He...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1159/000337383
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces intestinal dysmotility by alteration of smooth muscle and enteric neuronal activities. However, there is no report on the modulatory effects of LPS on the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). We investigated the effect of LPS and its signal transduction in ICCs. M...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000340018
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To compare the bioavailability of a new oromucosal formulation of flurbiprofen 8.75-mg lozenges, developed by Alfa Wassermann S.p.A. (test drug) to that of marketed flurbiprofen 8.75-mg lozenges (Benactiv Gola®, reference drug). METHODS:This was an open, randomised, two-period, crossover, pharmacokinetic (PK) stu...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000336767
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) was initially identified as the neuronal target of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive substance of marijuana. This receptor is one of the most abundant G-protein-coupled receptors in the adult brain, the target of endocannabinoid ligands and a well-characteri...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000339075
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Our study aimed to investigate the effect of amlodipine on bone metabolism in orchidectomized rats. METHODS:Eight-week-old rats were divided into three groups. The sham-operated control group (SHAM) and the control group after orchidectomy (ORX) received the standard laboratory diet (SLD). The experimental group a...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000335491
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Functional linkages between the cannabinoid CB(1) and the dopaminergic systems have been reported although the observations and the mechanisms hypothesizing their interactions at the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) functionality level are conflicting. METHODS:Administration of a potent cannabinoid ag...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000335368
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multidrug resistance (MDR) presents a problem in cancer chemotherapy, and developing new agents to overcome MDR is important. This study intends to investigate the reversal effect of -elemene on MDR in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells. METHODS:MTT cytotoxicity assays, flow ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000337178
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of acetaldehyde on the contractile force and membrane potentials and currents in the bullfrog heart. METHODS:Contractile force was recorded using right atrial tissues, and membrane potentials and currents were measured by using whole cell patch clamp meth...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000342388
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Putative in vitro-in vivo correlations of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters are regarded as a prerequisite to filter hits derived from high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches for subsequent murine in vivo PK studies. METHODS:In this study, we assessed stabilities in rat and human microsomes of 121 com...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000343241
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report that the loop diuretic drugs bumetanide and furosemide used in the treatment of hypertension are GPR35 agonists. We utilized calcium flux, inositol phosphate accumulation, and dynamic redistribution assays to examine the pharmacology of these compounds on the human, mouse and rat GPR35. While potent on human...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000335127
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Carvedilol is used clinically as a β-adrenoceptor antagonist for the treatment of chronic heart failure and is primarily metabolized into glucuronides by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). In this study, the stereoselective glucuronidation of carvedilol by the human liver and intestinal microsome...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000340020
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tramadol, a central analgesic acting on serotonin neurotransmission, is often co-used with ondansetron, a 5-HT(3) antagonist, for the management of postoperative pain to decrease nausea and vomiting. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that this drug combination raises tramadol requirement by patient-contro...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000330740
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signaling of seven transmembrane receptors/G-protein- coupled receptors (GPCRs) is regulated by a number of receptor interacting proteins, including βarrestins (βarrs) and GPCR kinases (GRKs). In the present report, we have analyzed the interaction pattern between the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000330742
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-dummy, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind study was conducted to verify the hypothesis of noninferiority for single-dose administration of zaltoprofen 160 mg, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, compared with loxoprofen sodium 60 mg (loxoprofen), in terms of antipyret...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000324532
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Fluorofenidone [1-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-(1H)-pyridone, AKF-PD], a novel pyridone agent, showed potent antifibrotic properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of AKF-PD on diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis, and to obtain an insight into its mechanisms of action. ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000329419
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The primary aim of the present investigation was to determine and compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of inorganic phosphate in serum and urine after intravenous administration of sodium glycerophosphate and inorganic sodium phosphate. Additionally, study product safety profiles were evaluated. SUBJECT...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000331341
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:This study analyzed the role of the amiloride-sensitive component and the participation of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in renal responsiveness to vasoconstrictors in the isolated perfused rat kidney. METHODS:The renal responses to vasoconstrictors (angiotensin II, phenylephrine, vasopressin and KCl) were studied und...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000330455
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2 analogs of L-carnitine on rats made insulin resistant by a high-fructose diet. METHODS:Using rats made insulin resistant by a high-fructose diet, we investigated the impact of 2 analogs of L-carnitine (25 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (250 mg/kg) on glucose, triglycerides and chol...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000328772
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cassia angustifolia L. (senna) is traditionally used as a laxative. Its major components are sennosides that are responsible for the laxative effect. Senna is recommended for the short-term treatment of acute constipation. Nevertheless people use its preparations as self-medication, often for long periods, t...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000331858
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the effects of beraprost sodium on the proliferation and oxidative stress of glomerular mesangial cells under high glucose conditions, a rat mesangial cell line (rat mesangial cells; RMCs) was treated with beraprost sodium in the presence of high glucose concentrations. Proliferation rates of mesangial ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000328411
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Centhaquin is a centrally acting hypotensive drug like clonidine. Clonidine also produces analgesia and hypothermia in mice and potentiates morphine analgesia. Clonidine analgesia is blocked by idazoxan and naloxone while it is potentiated by BQ123 and sulfisoxazole. This study was conducted to determine the...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000331880
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic agent that is generally considered safe. However, metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA), though not common, occurs from time to time and results in significantly high mortality. A series of 23 MALA cases in a local major hospital in Hong Kong is reported in this article to...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000331867
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the inhibitory effects of papaverine on twitches directly elicited by electrical stimulation of the mouse diaphragm. Papaverine (3-100 μM) inhibited twitches in a dose-dependent manner. Papaverine increased the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) but not cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cont...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000320769
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00